Butter tester



55 itu'entfy ofI approximately. spherical outline,

Patented l Sept. 5, 1922.

ES] PAT ENT jessica, f

EDWARDHQLYQKEFARRINGTON, oryivranison, WISCONSIN.

" BUTTER TESTER.k

Application filed February 21,;1S21. Serial' No. 445,661.

T all wle/0m t may concer/n:

Be it knownl that I, EDWARD H.LFAnnING-- TON, a citize'noi` the United States,l residing` at Madison, inthe countyfoffDane, lState of Wisconsin, have inventedy certainl new and useful Improvements `in Butter Testers and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, yand exact description of the inu venticn, such as will enableothers skilled'in thefart to which it appertains to make and use the same. f

My invention'is an improvement in butter testers and yrelates to that classvvhereinf the kpercentage of butterfat, and ,of other; constituents, is vdetermined by the yrelativef volume of such constituents at yselected temperatures."

' In testing'butter andthe like',-the operaar tion is facilitated. by 'reversing the tester,

after apreliminary heating to a selected testing temperature. f With the'usual' ar-r rangement of scales', difficulty is experienced in reading theml when in the reve'rsedfposi-y tion. An object of the-invention is to provide an arrangementoi" scale Which may bek 1 read in either direction. v f u VAnotherobject is to providea 'tester hav#` ing intermediate its ends an` enlargement'fof a size to hold a selected number oii'funits'of capacity', and scales adjacent to the enlargement indicating'similar units of-capacity,

thel enlargement usually having 'an`lr aggregate capacity of onehun'dred ofthe units` whereby the excess 'of matter being tested outside 'the-` enlargement may be easily des i termined rand at Va glance,y in terms -oper'- centag'eoi the contents of the enlargement` In thewdrawingsgv i" `Figure las a front elevationof#they improved test-showing the mannerof introducing the butter to be tested,

Figure 2 is a similarjvievv with the 'funnel' removed and the butter in place, rk

igure- 3 "s va. similar vievv'vvith the tester reversed, 1 fl' --z y lFigure 4 is a sectional yvievv otra' heater Withthe testeriin tivo positions,

ig'urefs a'itront. elevation of another' embodiment ofthe-invention.

In the embodiment of the inventiony sho'vvn in Figures l, 2, and 3, a tubular structure is provided, -ot ytransparent material, ory of material' having a portion thereof` transparent, `as for instance'of".glassxor'the like. This structure l has 4near oneendan enlarge sisting 'lof graduations KL6, and aplurality of serlesj andgS of'indicating numerals, The

structure ,is also provided with: a graduation markt) at that end of the enlargement-adja-A cent tothe bead 4.; f j

Theenlargement of thestructure, between the graduation9 andthe ,frst graduation 6 j ofthe scale is ofva predetermined ,capacity in units; and the graduationson the scalek indicate `rthe` capacity ,of the .body 'of the structure liii-'similar units In the present instance the renlargeruent from the gradua# tion=9 to the first graduation hasa capacity ofone hundred units.- The kbody ofl the structure from the first graduation' 6 `adjacent to Vthe, enlargement to the graduation remote Jfrom the enlargement has a capacity of525 ofthe units. lWhen7 with this arrangement, al quantityotbutter to be testedis insertedin thetester that depth ot the butter which extendsabove thegraduation 6 adja-` cent 'to-the enlargement will be a i, definite and: known percentage y'otthat in' the ,enlargement andsuch percentage will be indicated on lthe scalefThe series 7 and Spot indicating numerals read in opposite vdirections, the series 7 read-ing from, theenlargement,` from O te 25, While the 'series'S reads towards the enlargement-'from Oto 25. f The` distance 'from the/bead t to the graduation 9is thelsame as the distancefromthe bead 3v tothat graduation 6 remote from the enlargement, land these graduations serve as indications' forthe depth of insertion oi' the stoppersf, which Stoppers are :adapted to be kused in either'end ofthe tester. v

Thewimproved testerjis usediin theifol-I lowing manner. `A sample of'iaboutthree n ouncesyorfany Vamount that wouldbea fairr yand representative sample vofthe butter to be test`edis placedfin alsix ounce, wide mouth, glassstopperedy bottle., 'and the bot-k tleandits contents is warmed to ,about 100"y F.,usually by placing it in Warm Water;L klhen thebutter melts-to a thick liquid", the

bottleis vigorously shaken. This mixesy the fat, Water, saltand curdof thebutter yinto a homogeneous mass, and this or a portion thereof is poured into thetester, the end ad'- .jacent to the enlargement or bulb vbeing closed by the stopper,` which is pushed'in to ve/rably the predetermined. unit is a order that no butter may be lett along the` Walls of the body vof the tester, and care should be taken that no drops oi' kbutter adhere to the vvalls of the tester during the Withdrawal of the funnel'. T he tester should be 4filled Withthe liquid butter to aboutthe graduation 2, it being` understood that pretcenti meter.l Y

The tester is then placed in a suitable receptacle 1.1 tor Water, as shown in Figure L1, and the Water is heated to a temperature oi about 140O F., and held at this temperavk ture for about 10, that is until a uniform temperature is reached. An exact reading of the height of the butter in the tester is recorded, and in this reading is important, as it is used later in calculating the inalfresult. This reading may be for instance 2.6 meaning that there is exactly'102t6 c. cfoi liquid butter in the tester at u teiniire'ature of 140 F.

The tester is then placed in a Water receptacle 11 and heated tonear the boiling point. This heating contracts the curd, which will be seen in a layer betrveenvthe fat andv the brine or Water ot the butter. lt

, the curd does not separate in a distinct layer, it may be dissolved by adding 5 c. c. er more oi commercial sulphuric acid, or other solvent, and the tube may be whirled` in a centrifuge Jfor the purpose ot separating the fat Jfrom the other component constitu"- ents of the butter mixture. pets soon as the clear tat is obtained, the tube is allowed to cool a fev degrees, and another cork or stopper 5 is inserted in the opposite end ot the tester.` This stopper is pushed in carefully, until the inner end thereotregisters with that graduation 6 which is remote from the enlargement. During the insertion of this cork or stopper, care must be exercised that the iirst stopper is not displaced lor loosened. After the stopper, has` kbeen pushed to the graduation 25 'of the scale, the tube is reversed, bringing the bead 4 toward the top, and the bead 3 towardthe bottom, as slioivn in Figure 3. :Thecork in the end at the bead f1 is noiv removed,l land the tube is placed as shown at the-right of Figure l in the receptacle 11 or into .a similar receptacle which is heated to near the boiling point. Orr if desired the tester may be" whirled in a? centrifuge in order to bring the brine or Water of the butter intothe body or neclf. 1 of the tester. By examining the testerocca'sionally, it will be noticed that the of the butter is a clear player in the bulb; or enlargementf 'Whale the brine or #rater is'inth'e neck, Whereit maybeaccu'- rately measured,' after placing the tube in the Warm Water and heating it to 140, the same temperature at Which the liquid butter was read whenA first placed in the tube.

rEhe exact amount ot the brine or Water in the tester is read, by means of the gradua tiens beginning at the Zero point on the series of numerals 8.; The per cent of fat in the butter may now be obtained by a simple calculation, or by a direct reading if the grading ot the tube is properly done. .By calculationthe'4 per cent of fat is` found in the tollowingmanner. Then for instance the amountot butter in the tester is 102.6 c. c., and the amount of brine or Water 18 c, c.,Vtb.en102.6-1S gives 841.6 c..c. of fat, which is 82.45% of 102.6;` Therefore the butter contained 82.11.5071? fat. v f

'In Figure 5 there isa inodied construction, wherein the enlargement 12 is arranged intermediate the ends of the tube 13,` One end of the tube is open, being .beaded as shown at 141# and thisportion of the tube is otless length thanthat on the otherside of the enlargement. 'TWO series of lgraduations 15 and 16 are provided, a series being on each end ofthe tube, andfadjacent to each series ot graduations there is ar# ranged two series oft 'indicating numeralsl and .1S-.tor the graduations13e and 19 and 20 for the graduations 16.n The' tivo series of nu'-` merals adjacent to each series of graduations are arranged inr the same manner as the series oi indicating numerals 7 and 8.. That is one series reads" trom theenlargement and the` other towards the enlargement,v`so that the scale may be: easily read from either end ofthe tube. yTheadjacent graduations ot the two series comprise be tween them a capacity of 100 of the units, centimeters in the present instance.` Thatl portion 0i the'tube between the enlargement and the open end has a capacity of 10 c. c.. and thatportion ofthe tube between the enlargement andthe closed end of the tube has a capacity of 25` c.l c; This embodiment of the invention is used .in exactly the same manner as that shown in Figure 1. In both embodiments, the capacity of the enlargement is a predetermined*'multiple or' 11.5 thetotal oit 'the units of either scale. If desired a small quantity of a colored liquid, or coloringy substance, which `has a speciie gravity, such that it Will either remain between' tWolfoi the liquids in onecase or mix with onel of them when another colored liquid' is used, and thusfurnish a distinct line or point Jfrom Which'to read "on the scale.' may be used.

' 1. A tester of the character specified, comprising a tubular structure having near one end an enlargement, and a scale at each end extending fromv the enlargement',` the grad nations im. the' scales indicating capacity 130 in units, and theenlargement having a capacity of a predetermined numberof such units, and a predetermined multiple of the aggregate of the units on either scale, said scales being formed to read from either end of the structure.

2. A tester of the character specified, comprisingl a tubular structure having near one end an enlargement, and a scale at each end extending from the enlargement, they graduations on the scales indicating capacity in units, and the enlargement having a capacity of a predetermined number of such units, and a predetermined multiple of` the aggregate of the units onv either scale., said scales being formed to read from, either end of the structure, and a series of indicating numerals at each side `of each scale, ythe numerals at one side yof the scale reading in the opposite direction to those at the other side. f

3. Atester of the character specified, comprising a tubular structure havingnear one end an enlargement, and a scale at the other extending from the enlargement, the graduations on the scale indicating capacity in units, and the enlargement having a capacity of a predetermined number of such units, and a predetermined multiple of the aggregate of the units in that portion of the structure covered by the scale.

4. Atester of the character specified, comprising a tubular structure having near one end an enlargement, and a scale at the other extending from the enlargement, the graduations on the scale indicating capacity in units, and the enlargement having a capacity of a predetermined number of such units, and a predetermined multiple of the aggregate of the units in that portion of the structure covered by the scale, said scales being arranged to read in either direction.

5. A tester of the character specified, c omprising a tubular structure' having near one endy an enlargement, and a scale at the other extending from the enlargement, the graduations on the scale yindicating capacity in units, and the enlargement having a capacity of a predetermined number of such units, and a predetermined multiple ofthe aggregate of the units in that portion of the structure covered by the scale, said scales being arranged to rvread in either direction, both ends ofthe tube being open and either being adapted to be closed bv a stopper to permit the tube to be inverted.

prising a vtubular structure having a scale, thegraduation on the scale indicating capaclty iny units, and a series of indicating numerals for the graduations on each sidek of the scale, ythe serieson opposite sides of the scale being symmetrical to facilitate reading the scale in either direction.

7. A tester of the character specified, com'-y prising a tubular structure having an enlargement intermediate its ends, and a scale at each end extending from the enlarge ment, the graduations on the scale indicating the capacity in units, and the enlargement having a capacity fof a predetermined number of units and a predetermined mul 6. A tester of the character specified, comi tiple ofthe aggregate of the units on either scale.

8. A tester yof the characterspeciiied, comprising a tubular structure having an enlargement intermediate its ends, and a scale at each end extending from the enlargement, the graduations on the scale indicating the capacity in units, and the enlarge` ment having a capacity of a predetermined number of units.

In testimony whereof I aiX my signature.

EDWARD HOLYOKE FARRINGTN.r 

